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•NEUER BEITRAG24.02.2023, 09:50 Uhr
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Syrisch-türkische Beziehung wichtiger denn je
On Tuesday, February 14, a Russian MFA media release about a meeting between Mikhail Bogdanov, the Special Representative of the Russian President, and Kadri Jamil, one of the Syrian Opposition leaders, stated: “the Russian side stressed the need to establish practical cooperation between Damascus and Ankara in order to overcome the consequences of the earthquake on February 6.”
This statement confirms Russia’s pursuit of a Syrian-Turkish settlement, which over the seven months preceding the earthquake, was the main item on the agenda of the Astana Format (for Syria peace talks).
The first public indication of this was a statement by Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian during his visit to Damascus on July 2, 2022, in which he said: “(We are) working to resolve existing misunderstandings between the two neighboring countries through diplomacy and dialogue.” The use of the word “misunderstandings” has proven to be deliberate and indicative of Iran’s belief that the dispute between the two countries can and must be resolved.
Shortly thereafter, Russia announced that it had also been working “for many years” to reach normalization of relations between the two neighboring countries.
As for Türkiye, on August 19, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said to reporters that “he can never rule out dialogue and diplomacy with Syria.” He also said that there is a “need to take further steps with Syria.” Later, he expressed his willingness to hold a meeting with the Syrian president.
Together, these statements made it clear that work on a Syrian-Turkish settlement is a joint effort by the Astana trio (Türkiye, Russia, and Iran). This project moved forward quickly, as demonstrated by holding the first meeting in more than 12 years at the ministerial level between the defense ministers of Syria and Türkiye in Moscow on December 28, 2022. Additionally, Turkish and Russian officials announced in January 2023 that preparations are underway for a meeting between the Syrian and Turkish foreign ministers, as well as a meeting between the Syrian and Turkish presidents.
On the opposite side, Washington rejected this approach through statements that did not explicitly mention Türkiye, but reaffirmed rejection of normalization with the Syrian authorities. In a January 4th statement, Turkish Foreign Minister, Cavusoglu, confirmed Washington’s position on the issue, when said: “we understand and know that the United States is against normalizing our relations with the Syrian side.”
The Astana group vs. the “Like-Minded” group
Understanding the importance of a Syrian-Turkish settlement requires understanding the international dimension of the Syrian crisis, which can be summarized by the contradiction between two Syria-related international groups.
The first group is the Astana Format – Russia, Türkiye, and Iran – which practically formed with the first tripartite meeting of these countries’ presidents on the Syrian issue at the end of 2016, which was followed by five summits at the presidents’ level and many meetings at lower levels. Despite difficulties, this group managed to achieve a comprehensive ceasefire in Syria by mid-2019.
The second (Western) group is the U.S.-led so-called “Like-Minded” group, which includes the U.K., France, Germany, KSA, Egypt, Jordan, in addition to Türkiye, which is in the two contradictory groups. The first recognizable appearance of this group can be dated to the end of 2017, since which it has acted as the anti-Astana group. This group’s work mainly revolved around coordinating sanctions on Syria and actions against the Astana group.
The presence of Türkiye in both groups reflects, to a large extent, the strategic positioning of Türkiye itself, as well as the developments and shifting of this positioning. While Türkiye was closer to the West in 2011, it started since moving slowly and deliberately towards adapting to new realities at the international level, mainly the American retreat and the emerging powers’ rise.
The attempted coup in Türkiye in 2016 was an important turning point in the shifting of Türkiye’s positioning in the international sense, accelerated the growing understandings among Türkiye, Russia, China, and Iran, and deepened problems with the U.S. and European countries. One very indicative sign is that, for the first time, Türkiye did not attend the last meeting of the “Like-Minded” group on January 24. It is worth noting that also KSA, Egypt, and Jordan did not attend that meeting.
Significance of a Syrian-Turkish settlement
Reaching a Syrian-Turkish settlement would mean that the U.S.-led Western “Like-Minded” group on Syria not only loses its only member actively present on the Syrian borders, but also that the group will lose one of its main functions, specifically isolating Syria and suffocating it through sanctions.
The Syrian-Turkish borders are also Syria’s borders with the rising regional and international powers, particularly Russia, Iran, China, and India. This means that reaching a Syrian-Turkish settlement means connecting Syria to the rising powers and significantly minimizing the U.S.’s ability to control Syria through sanctions, and further reducing the U.S.’s weight in the entire Middle East.
Additionally, throughout the second half of the 20th century, Syria and Türkiye stood on two contradictory international fronts: “East” vs. “West,” respectively. For the first time in decades, it is very probable the two states will not only be on the same international front, but more importantly, on the correct one based on the interests of the two countries and their peoples.
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•NEUER BEITRAG28.02.2023, 20:38 Uhr
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Syrien: Aktuelle politische Situation + ihre Hintergründe
Editorials
Posted Feb 19, 2023
Kassioun Editorial 1110: A Shelling and a Massacre After the Earthquake!
The bodies of hundreds of Syrians are still under the rubble, and tens… possibly hundreds of thousands are still searching for shelter, food, and medicine after their homes collapsed on them and were destroyed. The wound is still bleeding, the shock very much present, and Syrians have not yet recovered from the horror of the devastating catastrophe. Nevertheless, all this did not prevent, and rather motivated the US – as if the whole thing was a complete plan – to shed more Syrian blood through its two most important and brutal tools in the region: The Zionist entity and ISIS.
The latest “Israeli” aggression has resulted in a number martyrs, nearly all of whom are Syrian civilians. This is an unprecedented escalation not only because it resulted in this number of martyrs, but also because for the first time it targets to this extent the heart of the Syrian capital, Damascus. This is in addition to targeting a location in As-Suwayda governorate.
In parallel, the US loosened the reins on its ISIS monster on Friday, February 17, to carry out a horrific massacre of up to 70 Syrian martyrs, who were trying to make a living by collecting truffles in the countryside of Homs.
If we assume the earthquake was the result of natural tectonic shifts, then what is certain is that all the Washington-led activities, since the first moments of the earthquake, are definitely not acts of nature. Rather, they aim to exploit the tragedy to cause major geopolitical shifts that not only prevent reaching a solution in Syria, but also aim to undermine whatever has been achieved over the years through the de-escalation zones.
In addition to the Zionist aggression today and the ISIS attack, US games with regard to “easing sanctions” and the “crossings” (border and crossline), along with the games by portions of the Syrian opposition that suddenly became doves of peace, all contributed to one thing: the well-known American-Zionist plan called “changing the regime’s behavior” or “step for step”. Moreover, the extent of harmony in movements between the extremists (of the Syrian sides) and the West, including the lack of equal and fair consideration of all the affected areas in Syria, indicates that there is a serious effort to make a deal under the table to evade realistic decisive choices, the foremost of which is a political solution in accordance with UNSC Resolution 2254.
The main item on the agenda before the earthquake was a Syrian-Turkish settlement, which can be a crucial tool in breaching the American and Western extortion by breaking the blockade and sanctions, in cooperation with the Astana track format along with China, India, and the various rising powers.
After the earthquake, the American-“Israeli” enemy is trying to exploit the circumstance to take this item off the agenda, once and for all, and to replace it with the scenarios of partitioning and the legitimization thereof, particularly by restoring the military coordinates to where they were prior to the de-escalation zones.
All these attempts are doomed to failure, and the golden rule that says “it is easier to anger a colonizer than to please it” is still quite true, and it is more so now than ever before.
Putting a stop to the state of national humiliation that Syrians are experiencing in the face of the West, the Zionists, and the terrorists, and putting an end to the de facto partition, can only be done through a comprehensive political solution based on UNSC Resolution 2254, Astana, and the rising powers, and against the wishes of the US and the West, and despite their sanctions and blockade.
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•NEUER BEITRAG28.02.2023, 20:40 Uhr
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Syrien: Aktuelle politische Situation + ihre Hintergründe
EditorialsPosted Feb 27, 2023
Kassioun Editorial 1111: What After the Earthquake?
It has now been three weeks since the earthquake catastrophe. While the space the disaster occupies in the media and politically is gradually receding, the reality reveals every day new depths of the disaster, as well as tremendous pain and suffering that is crushing the bones of (survivors), if it is correct to describe those who were not killed by the earthquake as survivors.
The existing system, with its savage liberalism and massive corruption, was prior to the earthquake unable to solve any of society’s problems. Now, it reveals not only incapacity, but also the absence of a real will to heal people’s wounds and help them. The government is still in the stage of examining the repercussions, forming committees concerned with the formation of committees, and so on. Actual measures, and even promises of actual measures, are almost completely nonexistent, at least if one looks at the measures taken by countries hit by earthquake catastrophes this period, including Turkey.
Among the procedures that must be implemented, that can be implemented, and for which there are resources to implement, are the following:
First: Providing free alternative housing for everyone whose house was destroyed.
Second: Paying real compensation to the families of the earthquake victims, especially to the ones who lost their breadwinners.
Third: Compensating the various material losses that resulted from the earthquake.
Fourth: Publicly holding accountability the major corrupt criminals who profited from people’s blood through construction that violates the requirements, which is proven by facts, including that a significant portion of the newly built buildings were the most damaged and the most destroyed, and that the older buildings were more resistant; additionally, buildings built by the public sector were for the most part much more solid than those built by the private sector.
Fifth: The government must clearly and transparently declare to the Syrian people all types of aid it receives, as it comes in, and the means of its disbursement, in a documented manner, because whoever was on watch when the criminals of construction got away in violation of the requirement cannot be entrusted with the aid and how it is disbursed.
Sixth: Securing lucrative loans for those affected immediately, with zero interest, and the possibility of easy, long-term repayment plans.
Seventh: Ending, once and for all, dealing with superiority with those affected, as if they are receiving charity or are beggars; these are the ones who have the right that has been breached, and the true landowners, in the legal, political, and national sense.
In theory, the possibility of achieving all these objectives, and more, is a realistic one. The two main entry points to achieving this are: first, to seize the money and go after the major criminals who have plundered Syrians for decades and have accumulated tens, perhaps hundreds of billions of dollars; and second, to turn East – in talk and action – to truly cooperate therewith for the reconstruction of the country within mega integrated projects.
Even within the existing situation, a major part of these objectives can be carried out if there is a real political will for that.
Transforming the theoretical possibility into a practical reality, without waiting to test again what has been already tested, has one entry point: a radical and comprehensive change through a political solution based on UNSC Resolution 2254 as the only effective emergency solution, and at the same time as the gateway to a comprehensive, long-term solution.
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•NEUER BEITRAG28.02.2023, 20:42 Uhr
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Syrien: Aktuelle politische Situation + ihre Hintergründe
jW:Online Extra
28.02.2023, 19:37:01 / Ausland
Nordwestsyrien: Choleratote nach Erdbeben
Damaskus. Nach dem verheerenden Erdbeben in der Türkei und Syrien sind im Nordwesten Syriens einer lokalen Quelle zufolge nun Menschen an Cholera gestorben. Es gebe zwei Tote in dem von bewaffneten Regierungsgegnern kontrollierten Gebiet, sagte ein Mitarbeiter dort tätiger Rettungskräfte am Dienstag der Nachrichtenagentur Reuters. Bei dem Beben Anfang Februar waren nach offiziellen Angaben auf syrischer Seite mehr als 4.000 Menschen getötet worden. Auch Strukturen im Gesundheitswesen und in der Wasserver- und Entsorgung wurden zerstört. Deshalb wird ein weiterer Anstieg der Cholerafälle befürchtet, die auf schweren Durchfall und Erbrechen in Folge von verunreinigtem Trinkwasser und mangelnder Hygiene zurückzuführen sind. Hilfe kommt nur schwer in die von dschihadistischen Gruppen und türkeinahen Söldnern kontrollierte Region. (Reuters/jW)
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•NEUER BEITRAG03.03.2023, 00:07 Uhr
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Syrien: Aktuelle politische Situation + ihre Hintergründe
jW heute:Botschaft aus Ägypten
Kairo nimmt diplomatische Beziehungen zu Damaskus wieder auf. Sanktionen treffen ganze Regionen
Von Karin Leukefeld
Hintergrund: »Biden-Doktrin«
Die regionale Kooperation und friedliche Verständigung in der arabischen Welt und der persischen Golfregion wird von China und Russland seit Jahren gefördert. Die USA versuchen derweil, die Region mit Luftabwehrsystemen und Marinestreitkräften gegen den Iran in Stellung zu bringen.
Pentagonchef Lloyd Austin wird sich dafür am kommenden Wochenende mit »wichtigen Partnerstaaten« im Nahen Osten treffen. Das teilte Brigadegeneral Patrick Ryder, der Sprecher des Pentagons, vor Journalisten in Washington am Dienstag mit. »Angesichts fortlaufender Bewaffnung und Finanzierung von Milizen in der Region durch den Iran« wolle Austin die Partner beruhigen, hieß es im Internetportal Al Monitor.
Der Rückzug von US-Truppen aus der Region und der militärische Fokus Washingtons auf den Ukraine-Krieg sowie auf einer Zuspitzung des Konflikts um Taiwan haben die Glaubwürdigkeit der USA im Nahen Osten erschüttert. Der abrupte Abzug der US-Truppen aus Afghanistan hat dazu geführt, dass arabische Staaten ihre wirtschaftlichen und militärischen Beziehungen mit Russland und China ausgebaut haben.
Auf der Idex, der größten Waffenmesse der Welt, die alle zwei Jahre in Abu Dhabi stattfindet, hat die russische Waffenexportfirma Rosoboronexport den Golfstaaten Kooperation bei der Produktion des Kampfjets »Su-75« (»Checkmate«), einem Tarnkappenkampfflugzeug, angeboten. Die Idex fand in diesem Jahr vom 20. bis zum 24. Februar statt und zog 130.000 Besucher an. 1.350 Aussteller aus 65 Staaten waren vertreten.
Mitte Februar hatte Brett H. McGurk, Koordinator für den Nahen Osten und Nordafrika im Weißen Haus, eine neue »Biden-Doktrin für den Nahen Osten« vorgestellt. Kern der Doktrin sind demnach fünf Prinzipien, die das »US-Engagement« in der Region leiten sollen. McGurk nannte »Partnerschaften, Abschreckung, Diplomatie, Integration und Werte«. Als Beispiel für »Partnerschaften« nannte McGurk die langjährigen Beziehungen der USA mit Marokko, Ägypten, Israel und den Golfkooperationsstaaten. Man habe diese gestärkt durch 200 gemeinsame Militärmanöver, strategische Dialoge, hochrangige Besuche auch auf Präsidentenebene und ständiges Engagement, wenn auch oft im Hintergrund.
Die militärische »Abschreckung«, so McGurk, habe sich in den vergangenen zwei Jahren gegen »Bedrohungen durch den Iran und seine Marionetten« gerichtet. Man habe die Kapazitäten der Partner gestärkt und »neue Sensibilisierungsnetzwerke« etabliert. Die US-Werte würden von Präsident Joseph Biden selbst, von den US-Amerikanern und den US-Diplomaten verkörpert. Washington sei »der größte Geber humanitärer Hilfe« in der Region. (kl)
Mit dem Besuch des ägyptischen Außenministers Samih Schukri schlägt Ägypten ein neues Kapitel in den bilateralen Beziehungen zu Syrien auf. Möglich geworden ist die Annäherung durch das verheerende Erdbeben, das am 6. Februar das türkisch-syrische Grenzgebiet verwüstet und offiziell mehr als 50.000 Menschenleben gefordert hat. Schukri reiste am Montag von Damaskus weiter in die Türkei, wo er mit seinem Amtskollegen Mevlüt Cavusoglu zusammentraf.
Bereits am 7. Februar, als die Ausmaße des Erdbebens sichtbar wurden, hatte der ägyptische Präsident Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi seinem syrischen Amtskollegen Baschar Al-Assad Unterstützung zugesagt. Drei Maschinen der ägyptischen Luftwaffe brachten Hilfsgüter nach Damaskus. Ärzte- und Rettungsteams halfen vor Ort, Verschüttete zu bergen und zu versorgen. Seitdem sind viele Tonnen Hilfsgüter für die syrischen Erdbebenopfer eingetroffen. Auch in der Türkei werden Betroffene aus Ägypten versorgt.
Der Besuch Schukris war der erste eines hochrangigen ägyptischen Politikers in der syrischen Hauptstadt, seit die Mitgliedschaft des Landes in der Arabischen Liga 2011 auf Betreiben der arabischen Golfstaaten ausgesetzt worden war. In Damaskus traf er mit dem syrischen Außenminister Faisal Mekdad und mit Präsident Al-Assad zusammen, denen er eine Botschaft von Al-Sisi überbrachte. Kairo werde Syrien helfen, hieß es. Man sei stolz über die historischen Beziehungen beider Länder und hoffe, die gemeinsame Kooperation wieder auszubauen. Am selben Tag forderte das ägyptische Parlament, dass Syrien wieder in die Arabische Liga zurückkehren müsse. Vorausgegangen war ein Bericht von Parlamentssprecher Hanafi Gebali, der am Sonnabend in Bagdad an der Konferenz der Arabischen Parlamentarischen Union (APU) teilgenommen hatte.
Am Ende der APU-Konferenz war entschieden worden, eine Delegation (mit Vertretern aus Irak, Ägypten, Jordanien, Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Libyen, Oman und Libanon) nach Syrien zu entsenden, um dem »geschwisterlichen Volk nach dem schrecklichen Erdbeben« ihre Solidarität zu versichern. Bei einem Gespräch mit Präsident Al-Assad in Damaskus habe Gebali betont, dass »Syrien ein Eckpfeiler« gemeinsamen Handelns der arabischen Staaten und »unverzichtbar für die nationale Sicherheit der Araber« sei, hieß es in ägyptischen Medien. Weiter habe er von Al-Sisi übermittelt, man solle nicht warten, »dass Syrien zu uns kommt, wir sollten nach Syrien gehen und es zurück in die arabische Welt bringen«.
Unter Mohammed Mursi, der für die »Partei für Freiheit und Gerechtigkeit« bei den Präsidentschaftswahlen 2012 zum Präsidenten gewählt worden war, hatte Kairo die diplomatischen Beziehungen mit Damaskus abgebrochen. Ägypten folgte damit den Verbündeten USA, NATO, Türkei und Katar, die im Syrien-Krieg die von der sunnitischen Muslimbruderschaft geführten Regierungsgegner unterstützten. Mursi, selber lange führendes Mitglied der ägyptischen Muslimbruderschaft, wurde nur ein Jahr nach Amtsantritt, im Juli 2013, vom Militär gestürzt. Der damalige Verteidigungsminister Al-Sisi wurde 2014 neuer Präsident. Unmittelbar nach Amtsantritt hatte er bei einem Besuch in Washington erklärt, die territoriale Einheit Syriens sei Teil der nationalen Sicherheit Ägyptens. Die unter Mursi engen Beziehungen zu Katar wichen einer engeren Kooperation mit Saudi-Arabien.
Die Folgen der syrischen Isolation, des langen Krieges und der ökonomischen Verwüstung des Landes treffen inzwischen die ganze Region. Die Auswirkungen der einseitigen wirtschaftlichen Strafmaßnahmen der EU (seit 2011) und des US-»Caesar«-Gesetzes (seit 2020) knebeln die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der gesamten Nachbarschaft Syriens bis zu den Golfstaaten und nach Nordafrika. Das US-Gesetz bedroht dabei nicht nur das Land selbst, sondern jeden Staat, jede Einzelperson und jedes Unternehmen mit Finanzsanktionen, die mit Syrien Geschäfte machen. Die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate nahmen 2018 die diplomatischen Beziehungen mit Syrien wieder auf. Der jordanische König Abdullah reiste im September 2021 nach Washington, um dort eine Aussetzung des US-»Caesar«-Gesetzes zu erwirken, das auch Jordanien wirtschaftlich stranguliert.
Auf der diesjährigen Münchner »Sicherheitskonferenz« im Februar erklärte zuletzt der saudische Außenminister Prinz Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, die Isolierung Syriens führe nicht weiter. Mindestens in Fragen der humanitären Hilfe, des Wiederaufbaus und der Rückkehr von Geflüchteten müsse man gemeinsam mit der Regierung in Damaskus Lösungen finden. Nicht nur im Golfkooperationsrat, sondern in der ganzen arabischen Welt wachse der Konsens, dass der Status quo nicht funktioniere. Damit hat auch Saudi-Arabien eingestanden, dass alle Pläne des US-geführten Westens und regionaler Partner, in Damaskus einen Regimewechsel zu erzwingen, gescheitert sind.
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•NEUER BEITRAG03.03.2023, 00:10 Uhr
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Und ebd.:
Erschwerte Wiederannäherung
US-geführter Westblock torpediert syrisch-ägyptische Beziehungen. Washington kürzt Mittel
Von Karin Leukefeld
Das verheerende Erdbeben am 6. Februar hat neben der Türkei mit Syrien einen Staat getroffen, der seit zwölf Jahren Schauplatz eines ebenso verheerenden Stellvertreterkrieges lokaler, regionaler und internationaler Akteure ist. Während die USA und die EU ihr Bestrafungsregime gegen Syrien lediglich für sechs Monate teilweise lockern, hat das Erdbeben unter den regionalen Akteuren die Pattsituation aufgebrochen. Der Besuch des ägyptischen Außenministers Samih Schukri in Damaskus bringt nicht nur zwei historische Verbündete wieder zusammen, er signalisiert auch die Wiederbegegnung zweier Regionen, die unter enormem Druck der USA, EU und NATO stehen.
Für den US-geführten Block von EU und NATO ist die Kontrolle der Schiffspassage durch den Suezkanal über das östliche Mittelmeer bis zur Straße von Gibraltar wichtig. Durch den Wirtschaftskrieg gegen Russland ist auch die Kontrolle der Gasvorkommen im östlichen und südlichen Mittelmeer zwingend für die EU. Diese Dominanz versucht der Block durch die Spaltung zwischen den Staaten der Region zu erreichen. Mit dem 2020 vom damaligen US-Präsidenten Donald Trump initiierten »Abraham-Abkommen« arbeiten die USA auf eine »neue Normalität« zwischen Israel und den arabischen Ländern hin. Wer sich anschließt, kann mit Vorteilen rechnen, wer ablehnt, mit Problemen. Ägypten sieht sich umgarnt von der EU-Kommissionspräsidentin Ursula von der Leyen, die dem Land im Rahmen der Weltklimakonferenz 2022 Finanzhilfe für den Ausbau der Wasserstoffproduktion und die Verflüssigung von Gas für Europa zugesagt hat.
Die USA dagegen drohen Kairo mit der Einschränkung der jährlichen Militärhilfe. Bisher ist Ägypten mit 1,3 Milliarden US-Dollar jährlich nach Israel der zweitgrößte Empfänger von US-Militärhilfe. Allerdings stoppten die USA im September 2022 die Auszahlung von 130 Millionen US-Dollar wegen der Menschenrechtsverletzungen in Ägypten – zehn Prozent des Geldes. Die EU-Kommission hatte in den letzten Jahren wiederholt Ägypten davor gewarnt, sich für die Rückkehr Syriens in die Arabische Liga einzusetzen, weil das die Beziehungen zwischen Brüssel und Kairo belasten werde.
Dennoch näherten sich Ägypten und Syrien im militärischen Bereich weiter an. Vor der Covid-19-Pandemie wurde die Rückkehr Zehntausender syrischer Geflüchteter aus Ägypten von Kairo unterstützt. Die Außenminister beider Länder trafen sich erstmals wieder am Rande der UN-Vollversammlung in New York im September 2021. Besonderen Einfluss hatten jedoch syrische Unternehmer, die mit Beginn des Krieges 2011 ihr Geld in Niederlassungen in Ägypten anlegten. Die syrischen Investitionen stiegen im Laufe der Zeit auf rund 23 Milliarden US-Dollar und trugen zumindest auf privatwirtschaftlicher Ebene erheblich zur Annäherung beider Länder bei.
Das katastrophale Erdbeben bot Ägypten nun die Gelegenheit, mit humanitärer Hilfe für Syrien durch die Tür zu gehen, die die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Jordanien, Libanon und das Sultanat Oman bereits geöffnet hatten. Die Annäherung dürfte für Kairo erheblich einfacher sein, als mit der Türkei, die ebenfalls Erdbebenhilfe erhält. Die AKP-Regierung von Präsident Recep Tayyip Erdogan fungiert bis heute als Pate der Muslimbruderschaft, die der ägyptische Präsident Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi mit unerbittlicher Härte verfolgt.
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Erschwerte Wiederannäherung
US-geführter Westblock torpediert syrisch-ägyptische Beziehungen. Washington kürzt Mittel
Von Karin Leukefeld
Das verheerende Erdbeben am 6. Februar hat neben der Türkei mit Syrien einen Staat getroffen, der seit zwölf Jahren Schauplatz eines ebenso verheerenden Stellvertreterkrieges lokaler, regionaler und internationaler Akteure ist. Während die USA und die EU ihr Bestrafungsregime gegen Syrien lediglich für sechs Monate teilweise lockern, hat das Erdbeben unter den regionalen Akteuren die Pattsituation aufgebrochen. Der Besuch des ägyptischen Außenministers Samih Schukri in Damaskus bringt nicht nur zwei historische Verbündete wieder zusammen, er signalisiert auch die Wiederbegegnung zweier Regionen, die unter enormem Druck der USA, EU und NATO stehen.
Für den US-geführten Block von EU und NATO ist die Kontrolle der Schiffspassage durch den Suezkanal über das östliche Mittelmeer bis zur Straße von Gibraltar wichtig. Durch den Wirtschaftskrieg gegen Russland ist auch die Kontrolle der Gasvorkommen im östlichen und südlichen Mittelmeer zwingend für die EU. Diese Dominanz versucht der Block durch die Spaltung zwischen den Staaten der Region zu erreichen. Mit dem 2020 vom damaligen US-Präsidenten Donald Trump initiierten »Abraham-Abkommen« arbeiten die USA auf eine »neue Normalität« zwischen Israel und den arabischen Ländern hin. Wer sich anschließt, kann mit Vorteilen rechnen, wer ablehnt, mit Problemen. Ägypten sieht sich umgarnt von der EU-Kommissionspräsidentin Ursula von der Leyen, die dem Land im Rahmen der Weltklimakonferenz 2022 Finanzhilfe für den Ausbau der Wasserstoffproduktion und die Verflüssigung von Gas für Europa zugesagt hat.
Die USA dagegen drohen Kairo mit der Einschränkung der jährlichen Militärhilfe. Bisher ist Ägypten mit 1,3 Milliarden US-Dollar jährlich nach Israel der zweitgrößte Empfänger von US-Militärhilfe. Allerdings stoppten die USA im September 2022 die Auszahlung von 130 Millionen US-Dollar wegen der Menschenrechtsverletzungen in Ägypten – zehn Prozent des Geldes. Die EU-Kommission hatte in den letzten Jahren wiederholt Ägypten davor gewarnt, sich für die Rückkehr Syriens in die Arabische Liga einzusetzen, weil das die Beziehungen zwischen Brüssel und Kairo belasten werde.
Dennoch näherten sich Ägypten und Syrien im militärischen Bereich weiter an. Vor der Covid-19-Pandemie wurde die Rückkehr Zehntausender syrischer Geflüchteter aus Ägypten von Kairo unterstützt. Die Außenminister beider Länder trafen sich erstmals wieder am Rande der UN-Vollversammlung in New York im September 2021. Besonderen Einfluss hatten jedoch syrische Unternehmer, die mit Beginn des Krieges 2011 ihr Geld in Niederlassungen in Ägypten anlegten. Die syrischen Investitionen stiegen im Laufe der Zeit auf rund 23 Milliarden US-Dollar und trugen zumindest auf privatwirtschaftlicher Ebene erheblich zur Annäherung beider Länder bei.
Das katastrophale Erdbeben bot Ägypten nun die Gelegenheit, mit humanitärer Hilfe für Syrien durch die Tür zu gehen, die die Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Jordanien, Libanon und das Sultanat Oman bereits geöffnet hatten. Die Annäherung dürfte für Kairo erheblich einfacher sein, als mit der Türkei, die ebenfalls Erdbebenhilfe erhält. Die AKP-Regierung von Präsident Recep Tayyip Erdogan fungiert bis heute als Pate der Muslimbruderschaft, die der ägyptische Präsident Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi mit unerbittlicher Härte verfolgt.
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•NEUER BEITRAG21.03.2023, 18:46 Uhr
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Syrien: Aktuelle politische Situation + ihre Hintergründe
Zwei m.E. wichtige Texte der Partei des Volkswillens - die Erklärung zum saudisch-iranischen Abkommen:Statement by the People’s Will Party on the Saudi-Iranian Agreement
The People’s Will Party (PWP) welcome the important Agreement announced today between Saudi Arabia and Iran, sponsored by the People’s Republic of China. PWP believes that it is a good beginning for resolving a number of regional crises, including the Syrian crisis.
Among the immediate clear outcomes of this Agreement is the following:
First: This Agreement marks the end of the American “creative chaos” project in our region, which was based on exploiting sectarian and nationalistic contradictions.
Second: This Agreement is a clear euphemism for the important role of the rising powers in establishing peace and extinguishing fires, in contradiction to the American sabotaging role.
Third: This Agreement also marks the end of the Zionist Abraham Accords project, and with it the so-called “Arab NATO” project, which were based on the premise that hostility between Saudi Arabia and Iran, between Arabs and Persians, between “Sunnis” and “Shia” is eternal and antagonistic, and there is no way to solve it except by one annihilating the other.
Fourth: This Agreement seriously undermines the American-Zionist-Western influence in the entire Middle East region, and it is a good starting point towards greater understanding among the historical peoples of our region and against Western colonialism, which historically worked to get everyone warring with everyone, and serve its selfish interests at the expense of the blood of the people of the region.
We in the PWP, as we welcome this Agreement and salute the two sides thereof, we acknowledge and welcome the role of the Chinese Communist Party and its Secretary-General in achieving this Agreement, and we look forward to a greater role for China in resolving the crises of the region, including the Syrian crisis.
Damascus
10 March 2023
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•NEUER BEITRAG21.03.2023, 18:57 Uhr
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... und das Editorial in der Kassioun von vorgestern mit einer sehr konkreten strategischen Hauptfeindbestimmung in einer sehr konkret bestimmten Kampfetappe - es geht eben nicht um "Malen nach Zahlen":
Kassioun Editorial 1114: The Main Enemy and Lost Opportunities
Lately, there has been a lot of political and diplomatic uproar surrounding Syria, including: talk about the possibilities of an Arab rapprochement; the Syrian-Turkish settlement and the obstacles standing in its way; Western games through the “changing the regime’s behavior” policies, with easing sanctions at times and reviving ISIS and attempting to “Syrianize” Jabhat al-Nusra other times; and other events. Amid all this uproar, there are clear attempts to obscure and distract from Syria’s and Syrians’ main enemy, in the interest of talking about “political tactics” here and there.
The main enemy of Syria and Syrians was and still is the Zionist entity, and behind the US. The position from any regional or international initiative regarding Syria, should be primarily based on the position from this enemy.
We should recall that the Americans and Zionists have long invested in dividing the peoples of the region between “Arabs” and “Persians”, “Sunni” and “Shia”, and reached the point of attempting things like the “Arab NATO” to build an alliance between Arabs and the Zionist entity, against Iran.
That is, the objective from demonizing Iran was always twofold: first, extending and deepening the destructive American chaos; and second, securing the Zionist entity by trying to shift the public’s attention towards an alternative made-up enemy, which is Iran. The same is happening today with Turkey, and attempts to use it instead of Iran, especially after the Chinese-sponsored Saudi-Iranian agreement.
Undoubtedly, there are many problems between us and the Turks that need to be resolved. However, these problems are solvable if the required political will is available. In contrast, our “problem” with the Zionist entity is not solvable without ending the Zionist racist basis for this entity. That is, our contradiction with the Zionist entity is an incompatible and hostile one.
In this sense, any delay to the Syrian-Turkish settlement is a lost opportunity to close the door before direct and indirect Zionist work, aggressive and “diplomatic”, in Syria.
Meaning, the bets currently being placed on countries that led the reprehensible normalization process with the Zionist entity, are necessarily losing bets. These are not only losing bets in the political sense, but also in the patriotic sense.
The contradiction is very clear between the direction in which the Astana group is working, and the direction in which the American and Zionist are working, resorting therein by some Arab sides.
The goal of the first direction, and its interest lies within reaching real stability in Syria, with territorial integrity and unified people, and through a comprehensive political solution on the basis of UNSC Resolution 2254. This would lead to the exit of all foreign forces from Syria, primarily the “Israeli” and American ones, in addition to the Turkish ones in parallel with implementing the solution, and also the Iranian and Russians ones.
The goal of the second direction is prolonging the crisis and deepening the suffering of Syrians, all the way to making the partition permanent, based on the narrow interests of the extremists. This second direction, if achieved, will blow up the narrow interests that allowed it to be realized. This would not be the first time that the West betrays those who cooperate with it.
The general international tendency, according to which Washington’s power is retreating, and with it the Zionist entity’s power, as well as the regional tendency within which the Saudi-Iranian rapprochement is taking place against the interest of the entity, in addition to the deep and existential crisis that is becoming deeper day after day in the entity at the hands of Palestinian resistance fighters, all of this leads to one thing: paving the way to a US and Zionist defeat in Syria. This also means implicitly a defeat for the Western “Small Group” and all its tricks, and anyone working against this tendency is losing additional opportunities that might not be repeated.
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Kassioun Editorial 1114: The Main Enemy and Lost Opportunities
Lately, there has been a lot of political and diplomatic uproar surrounding Syria, including: talk about the possibilities of an Arab rapprochement; the Syrian-Turkish settlement and the obstacles standing in its way; Western games through the “changing the regime’s behavior” policies, with easing sanctions at times and reviving ISIS and attempting to “Syrianize” Jabhat al-Nusra other times; and other events. Amid all this uproar, there are clear attempts to obscure and distract from Syria’s and Syrians’ main enemy, in the interest of talking about “political tactics” here and there.
The main enemy of Syria and Syrians was and still is the Zionist entity, and behind the US. The position from any regional or international initiative regarding Syria, should be primarily based on the position from this enemy.
We should recall that the Americans and Zionists have long invested in dividing the peoples of the region between “Arabs” and “Persians”, “Sunni” and “Shia”, and reached the point of attempting things like the “Arab NATO” to build an alliance between Arabs and the Zionist entity, against Iran.
That is, the objective from demonizing Iran was always twofold: first, extending and deepening the destructive American chaos; and second, securing the Zionist entity by trying to shift the public’s attention towards an alternative made-up enemy, which is Iran. The same is happening today with Turkey, and attempts to use it instead of Iran, especially after the Chinese-sponsored Saudi-Iranian agreement.
Undoubtedly, there are many problems between us and the Turks that need to be resolved. However, these problems are solvable if the required political will is available. In contrast, our “problem” with the Zionist entity is not solvable without ending the Zionist racist basis for this entity. That is, our contradiction with the Zionist entity is an incompatible and hostile one.
In this sense, any delay to the Syrian-Turkish settlement is a lost opportunity to close the door before direct and indirect Zionist work, aggressive and “diplomatic”, in Syria.
Meaning, the bets currently being placed on countries that led the reprehensible normalization process with the Zionist entity, are necessarily losing bets. These are not only losing bets in the political sense, but also in the patriotic sense.
The contradiction is very clear between the direction in which the Astana group is working, and the direction in which the American and Zionist are working, resorting therein by some Arab sides.
The goal of the first direction, and its interest lies within reaching real stability in Syria, with territorial integrity and unified people, and through a comprehensive political solution on the basis of UNSC Resolution 2254. This would lead to the exit of all foreign forces from Syria, primarily the “Israeli” and American ones, in addition to the Turkish ones in parallel with implementing the solution, and also the Iranian and Russians ones.
The goal of the second direction is prolonging the crisis and deepening the suffering of Syrians, all the way to making the partition permanent, based on the narrow interests of the extremists. This second direction, if achieved, will blow up the narrow interests that allowed it to be realized. This would not be the first time that the West betrays those who cooperate with it.
The general international tendency, according to which Washington’s power is retreating, and with it the Zionist entity’s power, as well as the regional tendency within which the Saudi-Iranian rapprochement is taking place against the interest of the entity, in addition to the deep and existential crisis that is becoming deeper day after day in the entity at the hands of Palestinian resistance fighters, all of this leads to one thing: paving the way to a US and Zionist defeat in Syria. This also means implicitly a defeat for the Western “Small Group” and all its tricks, and anyone working against this tendency is losing additional opportunities that might not be repeated.
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•NEUER BEITRAG07.05.2023, 23:47 Uhr
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Syrien: Aktuelle politische Situation + ihre Hintergründe
Das Kassioun-Editorial von heute:Kassioun Editorial 1121: Despite the Obstacles, Things Are Moving…
The Arab foreign ministers decided, in their consultative meeting in Cairo, today, Sunday, May 7, to repeal the suspension of Syria’s membership in the Arab League, and for its delegations to resume participation in the meetings as of the date of the decision. This is taking place in parallel with preparations for the quadripartite meeting of the foreign ministers of Syria, Turkey, Iran, and Russia in Moscow in the coming days.
It was particularly noticeable in the statements of a number of Arab ministers, their emphasis on a political solution in Syria in accordance with UNSC Resolution 2254, including the statement of the Egyptian Foreign Minister, in which he said: “The Syrian government bears the main responsibility for reaching a political solution, as well as the patriotic forces”.
Repealing the suspension of Syria’s membership in the Arab League is an important and necessary step towards ending the Syrian crisis, for the following main reasons:
First: Suspending Syria’s membership was from the outset a decision against the interest of Syria and Syrians, because it formed a necessary prelude towards the internationalization of the crisis, thus prolonging it, making it more complex, and greatly increasing its costs and losses.
Second: Suspending the membership, in parallel with forming the Western-led group at the time, or so-called “Friends of Syria”, was intended to shut the door on a political solution and open the door to war, by withdrawing recognition of one of the two sides to the crisis, i.e., the Syrian regime. This was intentional, because any political solution is founded on recognizing all its sides and that negotiation between them leads to a solution, in contrast to what actually happened with the West’s encouragement.
Third: Syria’s return to the Arab League in parallel with completing the Syrian-Turkish settlement, both of which are linked a political solution progressing, is the practical recipe for breaking the blockade, Western sanctions, and Western extortion. Therefore, it is a recipe for draining the “quagmire”, leading to expulsion of all foreign forces in parallel with the solution.
This position atmosphere that is forming at the regional and international levels with regard to Syria, is not trouble-free, nor is it devoid of attempts to undermine it or at least obstruct it. Among these attempts the following can be noted:
First: The behavior of extremists in both the regime and the opposition, who are trying to impede the efforts of both Astana and the Arab countries to move towards settling Syria’s situation and its regional and international relations, in parallel with the start of the warranted political change process, which should be by the will, by the hands, and in the interest of the Syrian people.
Second: The behavior of some Arab agents of the West and the Zionist entity, who are trying to divert the settlements currently underway from their path towards renewing the polarization between the Western small group and the Astana group, through tricks that aim to assign the Arabs the role of the Western small group, by playing roles against Astana, and in the interest of the West and the Zionists. The ones most obviously playing these roles are precisely those countries that played the role of advertisers for the disgraceful agreements – the Abraham Accords and the myth known as the Arab NATO. Those two are the two projects neither of which has any prospects, not only by virtue of the emerging international balances, but also by virtue of the improvement of the inter-regional atmosphere in the entire region, especially between Saudi Arabia and Iran via Chinese mediation, in addition to the improvement of relations of the main Arab countries with Turkey, against the will of the West, and towards broader cooperation within frameworks even more important than those of BRICS, Shanghai, and OPEC+.
Third: The Jordanian threat of military action inside Syria under the pretext of combatting drugs seems like a last resort that the enemies of the political solution in Syria are considering to re-ignite the war and reactivate the US-British military presence in Syria, especially at the al-Tanf base. It is well known that drugs cannot be dealt with through military action, but rather through political and economic action, the first step of which would be to put an end to the crisis in Syria. In fact, a supposed action of this kind would be a dilemma not only for Syria, but also for Jordan, which itself is targeted in light of the major developments taking place in the Palestinian cause and the crisis of the Zionist entity.
In conclusion, and despite all the obstacles, the process is moving towards the implementation of UNSC Resolution 2254 to solve the Syrian crisis in a real and effective manner. Completing this requires more insistence to reach a Syrian-Turkish settlement and clear cooperation between Astana and the main Arab countries to achieve a political solution, in parallel with blocking the path before the Zionist entity and its agents and their tricks, regardless of the disguises they put on.
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